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Medieval commentaries on Aristotle's Categories
St. Augustine ’s account of the ease with which he understood Aristotle’s Categories is, as he himself admits, an anomaly. Unfortunately, the rest of us, like Augustine’s contemporaries, struggle to understand what was for centuries, and still is, a fundamental text. On the surface, Aristotle’s Categories is a markedly anti-platonic text: things are equivocal, not univocal; individual substances are primary, whereas universals are secondary; and Aristotle lists ten highest genera or categories of things, not five, as Plato does.1 From its earliest reception, though, many commentators such as Porphyry and Boethius go to great lengths to reconcile it with Platonism , with the predictable result that many other commentators—Ockham comes immediately to mind—go to equally great lengths to purge it of any remaining traces of Platonism. Such attempts often hinge on what one takes to be the subject of the book: is the Categories about words, concepts, or things? Or is it somehow about all three: words, concepts and things? Regardless of how one answers
this question, the philosophically more important question remains: to what extent do words, concepts and things parallel or mirror one another?
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