Academic
Adam, Christ and Covenant: Exploring Headship Theology
Outline: The central themes of covenant theology, as enshrined in the Westminster Confession of Faith (1646), are that all human beings are either 'in Adam' (a 'covenant of works') or 'in Christ' (a 'covenant of grace'), and that God's relationship with his chosen people is covenantal in nature. Some modern scholars have argued that covenant theology represents a legalistic departure from an earlier, pristine theology of grace (T.F. Torrance). Even among those committed to covenant theology, significant disagreement has emerged over its nature and structure (John Murray versus Meredith Kline); and some have developed a revised version, which has been called the 'Federal Vision'. The author reviews these various disagreements. He proposes that the strengths of covenant theology are best retained by separating the two keys ideas of union with Adam/Christ and God's covenantal dealings with his people. Following John Murray, he rejects the notion of a covenant of works. He also argues that the 'in Adam/in Christ' teaching does not require a covenantal underpinning and would be better called 'headship theology'. Finally, having shown the relationship between the various scriptural covenants, he argues that a proper understanding of the relationship between the covenant with Abraham and the covenant with Moses is critical for Reformed theology. This enables him to offer a view of Paul and the Law.
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