Academic
Machen's Hope : The Transformation of a Modernist in the New Princeton
Outline: Was J. Gresham Machen always thoroughly anti-modernist? Richard E. Burnett's critical biography charts the full are of Machen's intellectual journey from modernism to fundamentalism.
J. Gresham Machen (1881 - 1937) is known as a conservative hero of the fundamentalist-modernist controversy. But was he always so staunchly antimodernist? In this incisive new biography, Richard E. Burnett examines Machen's evolution from a young man with doubts - and dubious about "churchly" approaches to Scripture - to a church leader dedicated to defending his faith. He analyzes Machen's upbringing in an elite Baltimore family, his scholarly formation at Johns Hopkins, his studies in Germany, his crisis of faith, his vocational struggles, and his efforts to live out his modern university ideals at Princeton Seminary. Machen awakened to problems with these ideals, clashed with champions of both the Old and New Princeton, and ultimately - influenced by his disillusioning experience as a YMCA worker during World War I - decided to wage war against liberalism. This decision culminated in Machen's pronouncement of the death of Princeton Theological Seminary and his founding of Westminster Theological Seminary in 1929 to replace it. Burnett's groundbreaking biography focuses on the intellectual formation of Machen's first forty years rather than struggles and achievements of his last fifteen years. Drawing upon not only Machen's major works but also his previously unpublished private correspondence, Burnett crafts a revealing narrative of Machen's intellectual journey from enthusiastic modernist to stalwart conservative. Nuanced and thorough, Machen's Hope will challenge scholars' assumptions about Machen and his dynamic era.
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